Strawberry Cultivation With Planting Gutter in The Greenhouse

Strawberry cultivation and management technology

In popular plant the strawberry is in greenhouse,  have steel tube frame and PVC planting gutter to meet the strawberry to grow in whole year to achieve high yield.

Strawberries have a sweet and sour taste and high nutritional value, and are favored by consumers. With the development of facility cultivation, strawberry production has basically overcome the seasonal display and is able to achieve annual sales. Facility strawberry planting requires standardized planting techniques to ensure that the environment inside the facility meets plant growth needs, thereby improving strawberry yield and quality.

Common cultivation models of facility strawberries
1.1 Plastic greenhouse cultivation model The plastic greenhouse strawberry cultivation model refers to the production method of using plastic greenhouses to grow strawberries in the cold season. Using plastic greenhouses, strawberries can continue to grow and bear fruit in the cold season, extending the strawberry production season, improving strawberry yield and quality, and increasing farmers' income. At the same time, the construction cost of this planting model facility is low, and it is easy to promote and apply in large areas. In addition, the temperature and humidity in the plastic greenhouse can be controlled, which will help reduce the occurrence of strawberry pests and diseases and reduce the use of pesticides. In the process of facility strawberry cultivation and management, growers need to master certain management techniques, including temperature control, humidity adjustment, light management, pest and disease control, etc. Improper management may affect strawberry growth and results.
1.2 Solar greenhouse cultivation model The solar greenhouse strawberry cultivation model is a cultivation method that uses sunlight light sources to produce strawberries in a greenhouse environment. Solar greenhouses are usually oriented east-west to maximize sunlight reception. Solar greenhouse cultivation can extend the growth cycle of strawberries, achieve annual supply, and meet market demand. Compared with traditional cultivation, solar greenhouse cultivation can reduce the consumption of soil and water resources. At the same time, the greenhouse environment is conducive to controlling the occurrence of pests and diseases and reducing the use of pesticides. Compared with the plastic greenhouse cultivation model, solar greenhouse cultivation requires higher investment costs, including greenhouse structure, equipment, etc. However, strawberry growth is less affected by climate conditions. Extreme climate events may lead to a decrease in yield and quality.

Facility strawberry planting and management technology
2.1 Construction of plastic greenhouses
The scaffolding of the plastic greenhouse uses a relatively stable metal pipe frame. During construction, the design drawings and planting needs are integrated to build the corresponding scaffolding structure to ensure that the plastic greenhouse can withstand a certain degree of meteorological disasters. Use white transparent non-drip film for the greenhouse film. Spread the non-drip film on the scaffolding, fix it with anchors and keep it flat and wrinkle-free. There are vents on both sides or the top of the plastic greenhouse to allow air circulation to adjust the temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse. Generally, a vent is set up every 12 m or so. The size of the vent is determined according to the size of the plastic greenhouse and the planting needs. Usually the width and height of the vent are 50 cm and 40 cm respectively. Insulation blankets are commonly used as insulation materials for plastic greenhouses to maintain the temperature inside the plastic greenhouse.

2.2 Construction of Solar Greenhouse When choosing the location of the solar greenhouse, you should ensure that the location has sufficient sunlight, high terrain, good drainage, fertile, loose soil, good ventilation, pH value between 6.0 and 7.0, sufficient water supply in the surrounding area, and convenient transportation, which is conducive to the construction and later management of the solar greenhouse. At the same time, the location with convenient transportation is conducive to the sales and transportation of strawberries. Avoid choosing plots with pollution sources to ensure a good strawberry growing environment. Try to choose a place away from pollution sources such as factories, mines, and transportation lines. After the site selection is completed, the greenhouse construction should be standardized. Usually, the distance between the indoor back wall footing of a strawberry solar greenhouse and the lighting roof footing is generally 5 to 6 m, and the vertical distance from the roof ridge to the ground is 2.2 to 2.4 m.
The greenhouse adopts an arched circular design with a mid-waist slope of about 30° and a lighting surface angle of about 30° to ensure sufficient indoor lighting in winter. The short back wall is about 1.5 to 1.7 m, with an elevation angle of about 30°, and the high back wall is about 1.5 to 1.7 m, with an elevation angle of about 30°. According to different regions and needs, the length is controlled between 1.2 and 1.5 m, and the span is about 6.0 m. The skeleton adopts a truss-type arch frame and a column-free design to increase the indoor space. The wall is made of 5-step earth and 6 layers of rolled earth, and is covered with non-woven fabric to maintain heat and prevent rainwater erosion. The greenhouse film adopts 8 to 12 wire double anti-drip and long-lasting film. Choose a self-propelled or track-type rolling shutter machine. The front slope lighting angle is 32° to 36°, the rear slope angle is 40° to 44°, and the front window angle is 60°.

2.3 In the selection and production of varieties, it is advisable to choose varieties with vigorous growth, strong disease resistance, high stress tolerance, good fruit taste, moderate sugar content, rich flavor, short growth cycle, good yield, and storage and transportation resistance, thereby extending the sales cycle of strawberries and improving market competitiveness. At present, the strawberry varieties that are well promoted and applied in Henan mainly include 'Ningyu', 'Hongyan', 'Xiangye', 'Zhangji', 'Tianxianzui' and 'Ninglu', etc. According to different regions, market demands and cultivation conditions, suitable strawberry varieties can be selected for greenhouse cultivation to achieve the goals of high yield, high quality and efficiency.
2.4 Scientific planting of strawberries. The planting land should be plowed before planting. The plowing depth is generally 20-25 cm. During the plowing process, try to make the soil loose and breathable, which is conducive to the growth of strawberry root systems. Also, make sure the soil drains well to avoid moisture accumulation that can lead to root disease. Apply base fertilizer in combination with plowing. The base fertilizer should be mainly organic fertilizer, such as decomposed fertilizer, fermented fertilizer or organic fertilizer.At the same time, appropriate amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elemental compound fertilizers are applied. Generally, 2000 to 3000 kg of organic fertilizer, 20 to 30 kg of superphosphate, 10 to 15 kg of compound fertilizer, and 20 to 30 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu. When fertilizing, the fertilizer should be spread evenly on the soil surface and then plowed to fully mix the fertilizer with the soil. After plowing, make ridges according to a certain row spacing and plant spacing. The ridge width can be adjusted according to the strawberry variety and cultivation mode, but is generally 40 to 60 cm, the ridge width is 30 cm, and the furrow depth is 30 to 35 cm. After plowing the land, applying base fertilizer and making ridges, wait for the right time to plant.
2.5 Water and fertilizer management: Start the first top dressing 3 weeks after the strawberry seedlings are planted, and apply 3 to 5 kg of urea per acre. After entering the flowering stage, mainly use foliar fertilizer, spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 1% urea solution, and use it once every 7 to 10 days. After entering the fruiting period, balanced and high-potassium water-soluble fertilizers are mainly used, and 3 to 5 kg per acre are usually applied. Strawberries require relatively large amounts of water during their growth and development stages, so regular irrigation is required. After the greenhouse is covered with film, it is usually irrigated once every 10 days to maintain the soil moisture at 65% to 70%. Ventilation must be done after irrigation.
2.6 Pest and disease control Powdery mildew and gray mold are two common diseases of strawberry, which seriously harm the fruits, flowers and leaves of strawberry. In the early stages of powdery mildew, use 42.8% fluopyram trifloxystrobin suspension or 50% sulfur suspension 1500 times for spray control. In the early stages of gray mold disease, use 40% pyrimethanil suspension or 50% procythiocycline wettable powder 800 to 1000 times for spray control. Aphids are a common pest of strawberries and can stunt their growth. In the initial stage of aphids, you can use 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times liquid or 3% acetamiprid EC 1000 times liquid for spray control. Spider mites damage strawberry leaves, causing them to wither. In the initial stage of spider mites, 15% pyridaben EC 2000 times or 1.8% abamectin EC 3000 times can be used for spray control. The above-mentioned diseases and insect pests should be sprayed once every 7 to 10 days, and used 2 to 3 times continuously if necessary.

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