General Requirements And Precautions For Greenhouse Construction

General requirements and precautions for greenhouse construction

For many people who are keen to start a business in agriculture, they will choose to build a greenhouse. So, what are the general requirements and points of attention for building a greenhouse? Let's take a look!

2. Reliability requirements

During the use of the greenhouse, the structure will be subjected to various loads, such as wind load, snow load, crop load, equipment load, etc. During normal use, the structure should be reliable under these loads, that is, the structure of the greenhouse should be able to withstand various possible loads without deformation and damage affecting the use. The main structure of the greenhouse should provide reliable support for the enclosure components. In addition to the above loads, the main structure will also bear the self-weight of the enclosure components and the main component itself, the weight of fixed equipment, the weight of crops, maintenance personnel, and temporary equipment. load.

3. Durability requirements

Under the normal use and maintenance of the greenhouse, the main structure, enclosure structure, enclosure components and various equipment should have the specified durability. Usually the main structural components and connectors of the greenhouse are made in the factory, and are treated with hot-dip galvanized anti-corrosion treatment, and the on-site installation is bolted to avoid welding. This can avoid damage to the galvanized layer due to overheating of the components during welding, and ensure the anti-corrosion effect of the galvanized layer. The anti-corrosion treatment of the main structure of the greenhouse and the connecting parts should ensure the durability of 18-20 years.

4. Internal space requirements

The interior of the greenhouse is the place for plant growth and production management activities. In addition to the plant cultivation space, it is also required to provide sufficient space for the placement and normal operation of various production equipment, and at the same time, appropriate space should be reserved for operation managers.

5. Building energy saving requirements

The architectural design structure of the greenhouse, that is, the structure of the greenhouse foundation, wall, roof, side window, skylight, gutter and other parts and the connection method between each part, in addition to meeting their respective functions, should also meet the energy saving aspects. Require.

6. Standardization and assembly requirements

With the development of modern greenhouses, the forms of greenhouses are becoming more and more diversified, and the shapes and sizes of different forms of greenhouses are quite different. At the same time, at present, the greenhouse design and manufacture of various greenhouse enterprises in our country are in their own way. The components are not common to each other, and resources cannot be shared. ,Increase productivity.

2. Points to note in the construction of greenhouses:

1. Leveling the land and setting out the line: According to the designed plan of the solar greenhouse, determine the azimuth angle, determine the four corners of the greenhouse, install piles at the four corners of the greenhouse, and then determine the position of the gable and the back wall.

2. Building the wall: The soil used for building the earth wall can be the soil on the outside of the back wall of the greenhouse, or the soil below the ploughing layer in the front of the greenhouse. If you use the quiet soil in front of the greenhouse, you can dig out the ploughing layer (about 25 cm thick), put it aside, and water the raw soil at the bottom. After one day, dig the raw soil to make an earth wall. First make plywood according to the thickness of the soil wall, fill in the wet soil just excavated, and compact it with earth compaction or electric compaction, each layer is about 20 cm. The gable and the back wall should be made together, not in sections, only in this way will it be solid. If the viscosity of the soil is not enough, it can be mixed with wheat straw. In some areas, the soil viscosity is very low, and the wall cannot be built by ramming. In this case, a certain amount of wheat straw and mud can be mixed into the soil to make adobe. After the adobe is dry, the adobe wall can be used. When building walls, the adobes should be tightly blocked with grass mud, and the inside and outside of the walls should also be smeared with grass mud. When building a brick wall, the foundation must be compacted first, and then the wall can be built，During construction, the mortar should be full, the brick joints should be hooked, the gray surface should be plastered, and the inside and outside of the wall should be plastered to avoid air leakage. The hollow between the layers of the brick wall should not be too large or too small. Generally, the width of the hollow is between 5-8 cm. The hollow should not be left to the end. Every 3-4 meters, the layers should be connected with bricks to improve the firmness of the wall. The hollow wall can be filled with slag, perlite and wheat straw, or nothing can be added, only air insulation is used, and the hollow wall without filler must be free of cracks. When the bricks are opened and capped, it is best to use mud bran to cap the top 30 cm, so that the rear wall and the rear roof are closely connected, and the thermal insulation performance is improved.

3. Buried columns and roof trusses: According to the drawings, determine the position of each column and mark it with lime. Dig a 30-40 cm deep pit, use stones as pillar feet to prevent the pillar from sinking, and then install a digging truss on the rear pillar, with the head on the pillar, and the tail on the rear wall or the back auxiliary. On the column, put 3-4 purlins on the truss. The ridge purlins are connected at the truss, forming a straight line, and the other purlins are placed in a staggered manner. Some greenhouses only use uprights to support the purlins.

4. Cover the rear roof: Cover the purlins or rafters with a layer of waste plastic film, and place bundles of corn stalks on the film, the direction of which is perpendicular to the purlins or rafters. Then lay wheat straw or straw on the corn stalk, and then lay a layer of plastic film on it, and spread grass mud on it. The rear roof is made of straw and wheat straw wrapped with two layers of plastic film to form a quilt-like covering, and the thermal insulation performance is greatly improved compared with the ordinary rear roof without plastic film. After the rear roof is covered, use grass mud to smear the joint between the inner side of the rear roof and the rear wall of the greenhouse.

5. Dig a cold-proof ditch: Dig a cold-proof ditch 20 cm wide and 40 cm deep at the front of the greenhouse.