The History Of Greenhouses

The history of the development of the world's greenhouses

my country is the country with the earliest origin of greenhouses in the world. It can be traced back to the Qin and Song Dynasties. Today's greenhouse insulation technology actually existed as early as the Qin and Song dynasties. The ancients invented in the Ming Dynasty to hide lychees in bamboo to keep fresh. In the Chinese agricultural culture tour exhibition held by Nannong yesterday, the reporter saw the tens of thousands of years of Chinese agricultural culture history. At the same time, it was learned that the 24 solar terms, which are closely related to agriculture, are in the process of applying for the World Heritage List. "Actually, the insulation technology of greenhouses has been around since the Qin and Song dynasties. Back then, there were off-season flowers." Many farming and cultural technologies are still affecting our lives, such as off-season flowers.

The earliest recorded off-season cultivation appeared in the Qin Shihuang era. During the winter of the first year of Qin Shi Huang's reign, he planted melons and fruits in the Lishan Valley near today's west, and got a good harvest. "In the Han Dynasty, there were greenhouses, in the Tang Dynasty, there were hot springs, and in the Song Dynasty, when a layer of oil was applied to the silk, it became airtight, and it was not easy to scatter after being exposed to the outside sun. This technology has been introduced since the Qin Dynasty. , it was relatively mature by the Song Dynasty." How did the ancients without refrigerators store delicious lychees? In the Ming Dynasty, a fresh-keeping method of using live bamboo to store lychees appeared. Put fresh lychees into freshly cut bamboo tubes, and then seal them with soil. The lychees preserved in this way will still have the same color, fragrance and taste in winter and spring.

Rome

The origin of foreign greenhouse cultivation is the earliest in the Roman Empire. The Roman philosopher Seneca (3 BC-69 AD) documented the use of mica flakes as mulch to produce early-ripening cucumbers. According to the records of the Roman agronomist Columella and the poet Martial, in 1437 AD, in order to produce cucumbers on an annual basis, the soil was packed in wooden boxes in winter, covered with mica flakes, and used directly by sunlight. Production. It was not until the 1617th century that facility cultivation in protected areas in other European countries and regions developed.

France

In the early 17th century in France, early-ripening peas were grown in wooden boxes. Henry IV (15901629), in order to make peas riper earlier, built sunny vaulted houses for early cultivation in northern France. Louis XIV (16401710) was the first to grow vegetables in hotbeds covered with glass windows, and built greenhouses with simple glass roofs.

Germany

The earliest greenhouse in Germany was a temporary double-roof greenhouse of 85. 34m X 9. 75m assembled with wooden boards in 1619.

According to the records of British naturalist Bay (16271705), glass greenhouses similar to those of German sweet orange greenhouses began to be built in Apothecaries garden in southwest London. In 1717, all the greenhouses were covered with glass, which became the earliest glass greenhouse in England. In 1815, the UK began to build greenhouses with semi-circular curved roofs. Since the beginning of the 19th century, British scholars have studied the influence of the slope of the greenhouse roof on the amount of light and the problem of greenhouse heating equipment.

Netherlands

The Dutch record of greenhouses begins in 1750 AD in the writings of the French naturalist Adanson. In the early days of William I, Miller used oak to build a heated greenhouse in which citrus and pineapples were grown. In 1832, wood-framed hotbeds and greenhouses were used throughout the Netherlands for early-ripening and facilitative cultivation of melons and grapes, and the products were shipped to Paris and London for sale. In 1903, the first glass greenhouse was built in the Netherlands for the production of vegetables. In 1967, Germing of the Netherlands National Institute of Engineering, the first Venlo-type multi-span glass greenhouse. Because the greenhouse has a simple and sturdy structure, a large amount of light transmission, a large operating space, a strong environmental regulation ability, convenient management, relatively reasonable construction cost and good application effect. Since then, it has been improved, perfected and improved several times, and different models of variants have been derived, and it is still the mainstream type of multi-span glass greenhouses in the world.

U.S.

The United States is a country of immigrants, and its greenhouses are also attractive with the arrival of European immigrants. At the beginning of the 18th century, there were written records: Andrew and Faneuil, for the purpose of viewing, began to build greenhouses in Boston. In 1764, James Beekman (Cames Beekman) built a greenhouse in New York that was simpler and cruder than that in Europe at the time. In the early 19th century, improved greenhouses were promoted all over the United States. In 1806, M • McHen built a greenhouse with a 1/3 glass roof, which was the earliest greenhouse with a half glass roof in the United States. In 1836, Thomas built a greenhouse with a 3/4 glass roof in Chicago. In the mid-19th century, the greenhouse construction industry was established across the United States. In 1872, a dome-style greenhouse was built as an ornamental showroom, which was also promoted in various places. Later, a steel structure greenhouse was built in Chicago, which is the earliest steel structure greenhouse in the western United States. Greenhouses in the United States developed the fastest in the west, with 8,000 square meters of multi-span greenhouses at that time, and Ohio's largest multi-span greenhouse reached 12,000 square meters.

Japan

In the Edo period, in the Keicho period (1596-1615), in Shizuoka Prefecture, grass-frame oil-paper window hotbeds were used, seedlings were raised in early spring, and fruits and vegetables were cultivated early. In 1868, glass greenhouses for fruit trees, vegetables, and flowers were introduced to Europe and the United States in Aoyama and Azabu, Tokyo. In 1889, Yoshito Fukuwa, Japan built a small greenhouse in the courtyard, and in 1890, he built a hotbed with glass window frames in the Botanical Garden in Shinjuku to cultivate vegetables. This was the earliest period in Japan to cultivate vegetables in protected areas. In 1892, a formal greenhouse was built in the Botanical Garden to cultivate melons.

modern history

Plastic greenhouses with a simple structure only appeared in the 1960s, and in the late 1970s, new environmentally friendly solar greenhouses began to be popularized. The 1980s was a period of large-scale development of solar greenhouses. The scale has gradually developed from farmyards to fields. By the end of the 1980s, about 20,000 hectares of the first generation of ordinary solar greenhouses had been promoted nationwide. In recent years, greenhouses have gradually been widely used in China. The start and development of smart greenhouses in my country are also very late, and greenhouse systems with data statistics and calculations began to appear in the 1970s.

As early as 1974, the Netherlands developed and produced a computer-centered greenhouse environmental control system, and practiced the commercial production of new components. Since then, the core of the monitoring center in the Netherlands has widely appeared in the planting greenhouses in the country and around the world. So far, the Netherlands has built 10,000 hectares of greenhouses based on this core. Today, their products can not only monitor a single greenhouse, but also network monitoring and network management.

In South Korea, the government has attached great importance to the development of facility gardening since 1992 and promoted it as a key business. By the end of 1992, modern facilities equipped with environmental monitoring systems had occupied 10% of the planting area.

By the 1980s, the development of microcomputers had achieved fruitful results, and at the same time, their prices had also been greatly reduced. In European and American countries, with the improvement of environmental requirements for greenhouse construction, the greenhouse environmental monitoring system with microcomputer as the core has been rapidly developed.

The development of greenhouses in Israel has gone through three generations from the 1980s to the 1990s. Their scientists developed a complete system, including a software platform and hardware equipment, to realize the management of fertilization and watering in the greenhouse under automatic control.

In China, since the late 1970s, my country has gradually begun to attach importance to the development and construction of modern greenhouses, and has successively introduced greenhouse control equipment from the Netherlands, the United States, Israel, Japan and other countries. Through the research of foreign advanced greenhouse control equipment, my country's agricultural engineering and technical personnel have absorbed the advanced control technology of a large number of developed countries in the greenhouse, and studied and learned the key technology of temperature and humidity control.